Faces of engineering education

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5 questions for Martin Schwarz

Martin Schwarz provides insights into how he went from being a trainee to a vocational educator, which moments in his life were significant for him, how he finds balance through running and nature, and how his monograph “Pädagogik im Betrieb” came about.

Find out what challenges he faces as part of the InnoVET PLUS joint project and what tips he gives students on how to write their own texts.

1. what moment in your life sparked your passion for vocational and company education?

Mann steht in Innenraum neben Fensterfront, Unscharfes Gesicht, schwarze Jacke.
Dr. habil. Martin Schwarz - Academic Senior Councillor, Professor
for Vocational Education & Project Manager InnoVET PLUS

Looking back, the foundation stone was laid in the context of or at the end of my dual vocational training at the time. It quickly became clear to me that I didn't want to work in a specialist area. I was much more interested in in-company training and further education. So I initially became a company trainer and completed the training of trainers - the AdA certificate for short - as my first rudimentary vocational training qualification through the Chamber of Industry and Commerce. But it didn't stop there...

Later, or rather quite soon, I left the company and studied vocational and company pedagogy, at that time still as a diploma course. This was followed by professional positions as a personnel developer and project manager in a consultancy firm for in-company training. I completed my doctorate as part of the research training group 'Change processes in industry and service professions' at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg. This is where my interests in occupational research, the professionalization of pedagogical forms of action, in particular counselling and continuing education research, were awakened. I almost went to the BIBB (Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training), where I had already signed up, but then almost at the same time I had the opportunity to take up an academic council position at my home university, the RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau. I had later completed my habilitation there with a research paper on continuing vocational training, which in a way closed the circle. At the RPTU, I then added the topics of school pedagogy, teacher professionalism and school development, which address the school as a place of learning in vocational education.

I also consider my time in Saarbrücken to be a very significant moment. Here I was able to spend three years helping to set up a university and develop vocational education. I was on leave from RPTU for this time. The decisive factor here was that the students were the same age or older than me and, as already established teachers - in schools for healthcare professions - they needed post-qualification in vocational education. On the one hand, it was important to do justice to adult learning and, on the other, to bring the standards of social and educational science and vocational education closer to the students and create a professional working alliance.

My credo is "Know what you can do, know what you know". On the one hand, (one's own) knowledge inevitably includes (one's own) non-knowledge, which one has to continuously work on verifying and becoming aware of. This helps us to approach things and objects with humility and curiosity. On the other hand, the sentence emphasizes the bridge between theoretical knowledge and practical ability, which also corresponds to the understanding of expertise. In retrospect, I can say that I have gone through all stages of vocational training, which I personally perceive as the greatest enrichment for my current role in vocational education and at KIT.
2. how did your most important publications in the field of vocational/vocational education and continuing vocational training come about? What was your personal motivation for doing this research and what tips do you have for students who want to write their first scientific articles?
On the question of the most important publication, I would of course include the monograph as part of the habilitation process. The study"Pädagogik im Betrieb" (Pedagogy in the workplace) has resulted in a large number of individual articles.
On the one hand (Part One), the theoretical perspectives on pedagogy in the workplace are analyzed: These can be characterized on the one hand by different disciplinary approaches (e.g. business administration, sociology) and on the other hand by a variety of social and educational science reconstructions and pedagogical legitimations (e.g. through adult education, vocational education, adult pedagogical organizational research). Here, the perspectives of theory formation are systematically reconstructed and examined for their usefulness in determining the object of practice in the institutional context of the company.
On the other hand (part two), an empirical analysis necessary for the definition of the subject is carried out, which reveals the appearance of the forms of action of pedagogy in the workplace in a differentiated way. This appearance is constituted in a highly organization-specific manner and thus does not represent a monolithic entity. Rather, the task-specific design is the result of complex negotiation processes between the actors involved in the institutional context of the organization. In other words, it does not follow premises that originate from other reference areas, such as education policy, science and the public, but rather shows a recontextualization on several levels in the logic and (action) conditions of the organization.
With regard to the question of drive and motivation, this can be traced back to a disproportion and an experienced discomfort: Corporate training/personnel development, or designations such as people and culture management or human resource development, is highly relevant and represents a prominent area in which, to a certain extent, pedagogy finds expression. It is also an important labor market for educators. This is impressively demonstrated by data from continuing education reporting. However, this area has received little theoretical reflection and even less empirical analysis.
On the question of tips: A sentence by Samuel Backet comes to mind here: "Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try again. Fail again. Fail better". Failure is part of the process and part of the journey! Children learn from their failures when they assemble and explore something. I was able to observe this often enough with my own children. Unfortunately, failure has negative connotations in our society and is almost taboo. For the writing process, this means simply trying (better) again and again instead of being discouraged by supposed failure and the opinions of others.
3. you are currently responsible for a third-party funded project.Could you briefly explain what it is and what its core objective or content is?
Our project is part of InnoVET PLUS, a central measure of the Vocational Education and Training Excellence Initiative of the Federal Ministry of Education (BMBFSFJ) with a volume of around 60 million euros. The initiative is funding 28 projects over almost four years with the aim of shaping the transformation, attracting skilled workers and strengthening vocational training.
Our InnoVET PLUS project "Lernfabriken@BeruflicheBildung" is developing and testing alternative forms of operation (so-called operator models) for vocational learning factories with specific further training offers. So far, vocational learning factories have only been operated by specific vocational schools, which makes it difficult to use them in and for the context of continuing education. The project also establishes links with existing continuing education platforms and creates networks for the transfer of vocational learning factory offers for continuing education in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Furthermore, a university certificate "Learning Factories for Vocational Education and Training" will be developed, established and tested during the course of the project. In order to achieve our goals, we are working together in a powerful network, which includes the TU Hamburg, the ZfW of the IHK Heilbronn-Franken, the Nachwuchsstiftung Maschinenbau, the AgenturQ, the RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau and the KIT.
4. what specific challenges in today's vocational training does your InnoVET PLUS project address and what solutions does it focus on?
One or the biggest challenge in our project is the lever of further training through cooperation. Through education policy postulates such as the National Continuing Education Strategy (NWS), continuing education is inevitably becoming a key variable for social, economic and individual development. However, the InnoVET PLUS project is essentially concerned with how vocational learning factories can be developed for continuing education.
The continuing education system in Germany is specific. For example, a study by the OECD, which examines continuing education and training internationally and comparatively, noted that Germany has a very complex system of continuing education compared to other OECD countries, which is strongly characterized by self-responsibility and organization, decentralization, plurality of institutional providers and education federalism as a specific feature in terms of governance structures of control, provision of funding and planning (see OECD 2021, p. 4).
In other words, on the one hand, this structural feature is a great strength, as the continuing education offer can respond to the different requirements of individuals, organizations and regional labor markets. On the other hand, however, it is also a weakness, as it brings with it coordination and cooperation challenges. This is accompanied by the need to develop a culture of cooperation across different interests and multiple logics of action, which can contribute to strengthening the effectiveness of the continuing education system.
5. which hobby or leisure activity provides you with the necessary balance?
My source of balance and regeneration is running. I like to run alone, but also regularly with a long-time friend and regular running partner. Running is also an inspiration for me. On the one hand, it allows me to let go, and on the other, I often get good ideas for my work while running. I run without music. The nice thing is that you can hear the snow under your shoes in winter (at the moment!) and the birds singing in summer.
We have also started several times, for example at the Baden Marathon and the Bienwald Marathon in the half-marathon category with groups of vocational education runners in different compositions.
Would you like to find out more about the topics covered by Mr. Martin Schwarz?
 

Viktoria Bergmann: Research, practice, digital education

Viktoria Bergmann brings her passion for education and e-learning, research & practice transfer and her everyday survival tips directly to Lernfabriken@BeruflicheBildung. She designs empirical studies, develops didactic concepts and ensures that scientific findings are immediately put into practice.

Person mit dunklen Haaren, helle Blazer-Jacke und weißes Oberteil vor Innenraum.

Viktoria Bergmann, research assistant,
Project collaborator in the InnoVET PLUS project & doctoral student

5 questions for Viktoria Bergmann

What did you study and what originally led you to this?

I studied educational science and focused on eEducation and lifelong learning in my Master's degree. In my subsequent time at an organizational consultancy, I was repeatedly confronted with the design of human-machine interfaces - in other words, with learning processes wherever technological systems and human competence come together. Since then, I have been fascinated by how profoundly digital and technological change is transforming our working world and what pedagogical responses are needed. It was precisely this combination of technological progress, human learning processes and pedagogical issues that ultimately led me to vocational training.

What does the InnoVET Plus project Lernfabriken@BeruflicheBildung mean to you personally, and what specific tasks are you taking on as part of this project?

For me, our current InnoVET Plus project is a unique experimental space in which research and practice come together directly. I find it particularly important that we not only think about ideas and models for innovations in vocational education and training, but also implement and test them together with a wide variety of stakeholders. In this way, scientific ideas find their way into practice without delay.

In the project, I work both in scientific support and in terms of content and operations: I design and analyze empirical surveys, support the development of didactic concepts for learning factories and evaluate the project over the entire period. It is important to me that science, teaching and practice remain in constant exchange and that all expertise and perspectives are equally included - so that findings from practice ultimately flow back into research and can be further developed there.

What does a typical day as a PhD student + project team member look like - do you have a secret survival tip for the time juggling act?

A typical day for me is a colorful mix of coordination within the project, completing research tasks, writing papers for conferences and publications and teaching students at our institute. Between meetings, emails and concept papers, I try to keep concentrated phases free for my doctorate - which sometimes works better and sometimes worse. My survival tip: real-time prioritization. When the requests and tasks come in faster than your thoughts, it helps to stop for a moment and ask yourself: "What really needs to be done today?" Because honestly, not everything has to be done today. Some things can wait until tomorrow. Or next week.

What advice would you give to students who want to try out research or project work now?

I would advise students to use their time at university to try out everything that interests them and find out what suits them. It's great to have this freedom. At the same time, we lecturers are always very happy when students approach us and ask about opportunities to get involved. After all, you don't have to be an expert to get started. Openness and the desire to learn new things are much more important. And trying things out gives you the freedom to discover what excites you - and what perhaps not so much. This is exactly what the study period is for.

Is there a hobby or passion that you pursue outside of research that inspires you in your work?

I have to admit that free time in my life is limited. That's why I don't so much have one big hobby as many small interests that change depending on the season and mood - a dynamic hobby portfolio, so to speak. For me, anything that has to do with being together is particularly inspiring: This could be a visit to the playground with the family or an evening at the theater with a friend. Because the best ideas often come from sharing with others.


Imparting knowledge, shaping the future - spotlight on Benjamin Keßler

In our interview series "5questions for ...", we are once again putting a special student in the spotlight: BenjaminKeßler, B.Sc. student of Engineering Education and passionate mentor for his fellow students.

Junger braunhaariger Mann mit beigem Kapuzenpullover

Benjamin Keßler, student in Engineering Education
B.Sc. student and mentor

5 questions for Benjamin Keßler

Why engineering education?

"My motivation is to support young people and teach them something."

Benjamin emphasizes that he is enthusiastic about the diversity of the course - both because of the interdisciplinary studies in three faculties and the wide range of career prospects. He is particularly motivated by accompanying young people and imparting knowledge to them.

How he became a mentor - and why it is important to him

"... it helps to have someone [...] who supports you."

Benjamin emphasizes that mentoring is anchored as a seminar in his studies and is particularly important to him because he enjoys supporting others. Especially at the beginning of his studies, it is valuable to have someone with experience at your side to provide guidance and make it easier to get started.

What motivates him day after day

"Basically, I'm driven by the vision of the future, what I'm going to do one day."

Benjamin explains that his part-time job as a private tutor also motivates him because he realizes how much he enjoys imparting knowledge. He is also driven by looking to the future and the idea of supporting students on their path and helping them get off to a successful start to their studies.

His view of the future

Benjamin is optimistic about the future: in five years' time, he sees himself at the end of his traineeship and at the start of his career as a vocational school teacher.

How he switches off after an intensive day of study

To balance things out, Benjamin either consciously takes time for himself and listens to music or spends time with friends - both give him new energy.

Curious to find out more? Then take a look at our faces of vocational education and discover more interviews.

5 questions for Dr. Daniela Reimann

Our interview series "5 Questions To" is entering the next round!

This time we introduce you to Dr. Daniela Reimann - one of our dedicated academic staff members who is passionate about combining teaching, research and creative educational skills.

Frau mit langen lockigen dunklen Haaren als Portrait

Dr. Daniela Reimann
Research Associate

5 questions for Dr. Daniela Reimann

What excites you most about your work in the Vocational Education team?

So far, I have enjoyed working on various research projects at national and international level, which have focused on investigating digital media in design-oriented teaching and learning processes. The combination of (media) theory and design practice is particularly exciting.

I also enjoy working with groups of students from different disciplines when it comes to how they use digital media and reflect on it for school or professional practice.

You also give your own courses - what is particularly important to you when dealing with students?

The students come to us with very different biographies, cultural backgrounds and interests. In the seminars, they should also be encouraged to think outside the box and test media technologies in a differentiated way in order to develop an understanding of technology, use its effects in a targeted manner and be able to assess side effects. To do this, they need open learning situations and places of learning where design-oriented experimentation and reflection can be encouraged.

What concerns or questions can students typically turn to you with?

They can contact me with questions about the range of courses/curriculum planning for engineering degree courses, but also with questions about possible topics for final theses in the field of digital media.

What advice would you give new students to get off to a good start and successfully master their first semester?

First of all, students should settle into their studies and not put themselves under pressure with performance requirements. Especially at the beginning of their studies, it makes sense to make contacts and explore the city and surrounding area of Karlsruhe. Studying is not only a qualification phase, but also a phase of self-reflection and self-education, after school with increasing independence and detachment from the parental home.

When you think about the institute - what makes it special for you and why is it worth studying here?

The atmosphere is informal and you know the students, which can be a great advantage, especially at the beginning, when you are settling into your studies.


5 questions for our study ambassador Yuhang Chen

How does a student experience everyday life at our university? What motivates them to combine study and work? And what personal highlight has had a particular impact on him so far?

In a short interview, our student employee and student ambassador talks about his experiences, his motivation and his tips for future students:

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Yuhang Chen, student in Engineering Education for Engineers
and Engineers (M.Ed.) & study ambassador

5 questions for Yuhang Chen:

1. what motivated you to start your studies at KIT - and what do you particularly like about it?

I always wanted to develop my scientific knowledge "holistically". After my bachelor's degree in engineering, I therefore wanted to choose a master's program with a stronger focus on social sciences. KIT's engineering education program offers exactly this opportunity: the program combines my previous knowledge with new perspectives - I particularly like that. Karlsruhe is also a compact, green city, which I really like.

2. what does a typical day look like for you as a student assistant - and how does this fit in with your studies?

I work rather flexibly as a student assistant. My working hours are not fixed, I'm there when the institute needs support. I usually work from home - for example, I research materials, help prepare events for new students or answer their questions directly on site.

3. what does being a student ambassador mean to you and why did you decide to do it?

I see the role of student ambassador as a great opportunity to raise awareness of our degree programs. Many pupils who waver between "I want to be an engineer" and "I want to be a teacher" don't even know beforehand that our degree courses offer an ideal combination of both. Through my work as a student ambassador, I can get in touch with them directly, introduce them to our subject and open up new perspectives for them.

4. what tips would you give to prospective students who are still unsure about what to study or where to start?

I would say: don't be afraid to try out different paths. It's completely normal to be unsure at the beginning. The important thing is to find out what really interests you and what suits you. Talk to students, attend information events and gather real impressions. Sometimes you only discover which degree program is really the right one when you're out and about - and that's also part of the learning process.

5. when you think back to your time at university so far - what has been your highlight or a moment that you particularly remember?

My highlight so far was my school internship. It was a real challenge to give lessons myself, but at the same time a valuable experience. I not only learned a lot about pupils, but also about pedagogy - and about myself.

Farewell and new beginnings in the Vocational Education team - 5 questions for Vanessa Greber


After more than 20 years of commitment, we are saying goodbye to Irina Werth, who was the heart of our administration at the Chair of Vocational Education. With her organizational talent, her warmth and her commitment, Irina has enriched our team both professionally and personally. We thank her from the bottom of our hearts for the many years of support and cooperation and wish her a fulfilled, happy retirement full of wonderful moments and new freedoms.

Frau mit langen blonden Haaren in hellblauem Blazer, die selbstbewusst die Arme verschränkt.

Vanessa Greber - New team assistant
for administration and study organization
n

At the same time, we are delighted to welcome to our team as of October 15, 2025. As Team Assistant for Administration and Student Organization, she brings fresh energy and drive to our everyday university life.

5 questions for Vanessa Greber

What are your main tasks in the team?

I support the Vocational Education team in all organizational processes - from student support to the coordination of internal processes. I take care of everything so that the team can focus on the important tasks.

What do you particularly like about your new role?

I particularly like the fact that no two days are the same and that I get a good overview of the diverse processes involved in everyday university life and have contact with both the team and the students.

What experience do you bring with you?

With over 10 years of professional experience, I have in-depth knowledge of office and administrative tasks, am IT-savvy and have always continued to develop my skills.

What do you like to do in your free time?

In my free time, I like to bake, try out creative projects and am interested in sport - both actively and as a spectator.

Do you have a motto or guiding principle for your work?

A smile unites - and makes work easier.

We warmly welcome Vanessa and look forward to working together - and once again a big thank you to Irina for her many years of valuable support!